Introduction
Australia is a country located in the southern hemisphere, Oceania, and is considered the sixth largest country in the world with an area of 7,686,850 km ². Australia occupies the main landmass platform called Sahul, plus a few islands in the Pacific, Indian and Antarctic. Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and the French dependency of New Caledonia to the northeast, southeast and New Zealand are the countries closest to Australia.
Its capital, Canberra, is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Australia’s population is concentrated mainly in large coastal cities: Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Canberra, Perth and Adelaide.
General Information
Government
Parliamentary Monarchy
Parliamentary Monarchy
Capital City
Canberra
Canberra
Language
The official language is English, but aboriginal people keep their own languages.
The official language is English, but aboriginal people keep their own languages.
Religion
Approximately 73% of Australians identify themselves as Christian, of these 26% are Catholics and 23% are Anglican.
Approximately 73% of Australians identify themselves as Christian, of these 26% are Catholics and 23% are Anglican.
Currency
Australia’s currency is the Australian dollar (AUD). Credit cards accepted are Visa, American Express, Diners Club, and MasterCard. You can find ATMs at banks, but the instructions are in English.
Some banks change travelers checks, but commissions are usually very high.
Australia’s currency is the Australian dollar (AUD). Credit cards accepted are Visa, American Express, Diners Club, and MasterCard. You can find ATMs at banks, but the instructions are in English.
Some banks change travelers checks, but commissions are usually very high.
Electricity
240/250V ( 110V in some hotels) , 50Hz. The plugs are usually round three-pin.
240/250V ( 110V in some hotels) , 50Hz. The plugs are usually round three-pin.
Visas for Australia
All tourists need a visa to enter Australia. The visa is valid for three months on each entry to Australia for one year from the date of issue. For more informationclick here .
All tourists need a visa to enter Australia. The visa is valid for three months on each entry to Australia for one year from the date of issue. For more informationclick here .
Climate
Australia is the driest and flat inhabited country, with less fertile soils. Much of the country is desert or semi-arid. The southeast and southwest have a temperate climate. The north has a tropical climate, and has a vegetation that consists mainly of rainforests, forests, grasslands, swamps and deserts. The phenomenon of ElNiño affects significantly to Australia.
Australia is the driest and flat inhabited country, with less fertile soils. Much of the country is desert or semi-arid. The southeast and southwest have a temperate climate. The north has a tropical climate, and has a vegetation that consists mainly of rainforests, forests, grasslands, swamps and deserts. The phenomenon of ElNiño affects significantly to Australia.
In general, you can visit Australia during the year for its warm temperatures. However, to visit the south, it is recommended to travel in the summer months (December to February) to visit the north, are recommended during the winter months (June to September) which is the period of least rainfall index.
Gastronomy
Few dishes are originally from Australia, the vast majority come from English colonization or immigrants.
The Australians are opting for preparing steak at the famous barbecues. The “T-Bon “, for example, is a huge lamb chop. It is usually eaten steaks of crocodile, kangaroo, emu, buffalo, and others.
Among the seafood you can try prawns, lobsters, oysters and the Moreton Bay Bug (crabs).
Among the high quality fish you can try the red emperor, tuna, coral trout, Tasmanian salmon, and the famous Barramundi ( a giant perch from Australian rivers) .
Few dishes are originally from Australia, the vast majority come from English colonization or immigrants.
The Australians are opting for preparing steak at the famous barbecues. The “T-Bon “, for example, is a huge lamb chop. It is usually eaten steaks of crocodile, kangaroo, emu, buffalo, and others.
Among the seafood you can try prawns, lobsters, oysters and the Moreton Bay Bug (crabs).
Among the high quality fish you can try the red emperor, tuna, coral trout, Tasmanian salmon, and the famous Barramundi ( a giant perch from Australian rivers) .
Schedules
Official opening hours of offices, most shops and post offices in Australia is from 8:30 to 17:30 Monday to Friday. Some shops open on Saturday mornings, but mostly from 09:00 to 16:00.
Banks are open from 09:30 to 16:30 Monday to Thursday and from 09:30 to 17:00 on Fridays. In some states you can find banks open on Saturdays.
The museums are open from 09:00 to 16:00 / 17:00 every day.
Official opening hours of offices, most shops and post offices in Australia is from 8:30 to 17:30 Monday to Friday. Some shops open on Saturday mornings, but mostly from 09:00 to 16:00.
Banks are open from 09:30 to 16:30 Monday to Thursday and from 09:30 to 17:00 on Fridays. In some states you can find banks open on Saturdays.
The museums are open from 09:00 to 16:00 / 17:00 every day.
Holidays
New Year’s Day (January 1st), Good Friday (April 1st), Easter Saturday (April 2nd), Easter Monday (April 4th), Anzac Day (April 25th), Queen’s Day (June 13th), Christmas Day (December 25th).
New Year’s Day (January 1st), Good Friday (April 1st), Easter Saturday (April 2nd), Easter Monday (April 4th), Anzac Day (April 25th), Queen’s Day (June 13th), Christmas Day (December 25th).
Photo: Wikimedia Commons
On Friday 4 April, I posted an article and photos called Beginnings, 1968. I had a few requests to write a little more about our expedition to Peru that year.
Part one was leaving Dunedin by train…..then the next episode is arriving Wellington.
We travelled by the M.V. Rangitane from Auckland to Panama via Tahiti
A few days later in Wellington I met the expedition members. Mac Riding, a relieving lighthouse keeper with a huge, black beard with a pipe stuck in it, Dick Cowan, who a few days earlier, had returned from the summer in Antarctica with an Italian expedition, Pete Goodwin and Allen Higgins, local Wellington mountaineers, Paul Green a tall wiry character with a reputation as a”hard man” having recently climbed the Coxcomb ridge of Aspiring, and finally, Ken McNatty, a Wellington scientist, expedition leader, and my cousin. Our common grandparents were Thomas Farrow and Pearl Annie McNatty. An eighth member, John Lawrence, an Englishman working as a psychologist in the US, would join us in Peru. In Auckland my eldest sister Marie and husband Russell, let us sleep on their floor for a day or two.
A dream was realised and shattered in Auckland within minutes of meeting Peter Snell, New Zealand’s greatest-ever athlete, when hunting for sponsorship. I met Peter Snell, my boyhood hero, who had prostituted himself working for Rothmans. I will never forget my disappointment when he gave us some cartons of Rothmans cigarettes to take to Peru.
My world was cracking. I was beginning to see reality. ..an ex-athlete peddling cigarettes. Jim Thorpe, Abebe Bikele, Herb Elliot, Merv Lincoln, Murray Halberg, Peter Snell were my teenage heroes........seeing Peter Snell peddling cigarettes shattered my dream of continuing being an athlete.
What made our trip to Panama special was it was the final voyage of the grand old passenger ship, the Rangitane. Once the voyage started and we found that us males were outnumbered 4 to 1 by the fairer sex, we renamed it, the maiden voyage.
On the boat was two tonnes of climbing equipment and food to last us for 6 months of climbing..
An hour before the Rangitane left the port of Auckland, ticker-tape lashed us to the wharf.
The sea journey from Auckland to Papette, Tahiti was sheer fun, except for one night when a heavy storm buffeted the ship. This later went on to hit New Zealand and caused the capsize of the interisland ferry, Wahine, where over 50 people were killed.
On board there were two New Zealand mountaineering expeditions: the Alpine Club led by Dave Adcock and the Wellington Tramping and Mountaineering club one led by Ken McNatty.
A week later the Wahine docked in Papette, Tahiti for a night. New tropical smells stunned my senses as Mac Riding led me to Quinn’s Bar full of burly seafaring men and many stunning Tahitian woman.
Tahiti was so beautiful
My eyes met hers. Here was a Polynesian woman more beautiful than I had ever seen. A band of white flowers decorated her dark hair and a face straight out of Gaugin’s painting, with, a sarong tied at the hip and a skimpy top covering firm and full breasts... We had a drink together and I suggested we go for a walk to get away from the noise and smoke. Walking hand in hand along the beach and she singing a Tahitian melody was paradise-like with the hills of Morea tinged by a purplish moon, the coconut palms swayed in the breeze, and a gentle sea lapped the beach. Her bum and hips were beautifully proportioned. Flashes from the musical South Pacific bombarded my mind. After 20 minutes we stopped and lay on the beach. Her white teeth reflected moonlight as she laughed and spoke to me in French.” Why go to Panama and Peru, why not stop in Tahiti ?”
After a few passionate minutes of kissing and caressing I felt her firm rounded breasts. Would I go further ? My strict Presbytarian upbringing was limiting me more than the fact my Mother told me before I left " to behave like a gentleman."
Soon I found my hand was holding a large set of testicles nestled between her thighs. I was dumbstruck for probably 30 seconds as I held fast to her balls thinking, “the women in NZ are different” and then when the realisation sunk in, I sprung to my feet like a frightened snow leopard, and sprinted down the beach in confusion and shame and didn’t stop til I had left him at least a mile astern.
As I re-entered Quinn’s bar Mac Riding had a grin from ear to ear and asked me, “ A beautiful woman, eh ? ” In a soft voice I told him she was a he. Mac said, “ I know, I’ve been here before and know, but you’ll learn, young fella. But be careful of the black dot
After one scare,.I didn’t have the courage to ask Mac, what the black dot was.
A week in Panama waiting in the grubby sea port of Balboa for an Italian ship to Peru, was sweaty and colourful. The ship with the grand name, M.V Rossini, was full of characters with an entirely Italian crew, good family like-Italian food, and many young Columbian and Peruvian women returning from studying in the United States. Dora Rios Verillos was strikingly beautiful I met aboard. Sea, youth, passion on the oceans are an explosive mixture for romance. I had just turned 20 a few days earlier. I started to promenade with Dora on the deck in the moonlight. Dark hair fell over her shoulders and, with beautiful brown eyes and an alluring olive skin, I think I fell in love for the very first time.
Balboa Port
Also aboard were a group of German climbers making up the Oberfrankische Andean Expedition. They had a huge supply of German beer kegs and kept us well supplied and we had great evenings listening to their guttural songs of the mountains. Their leader was Erwin Hofman who was on an unsuccessful German expedition in 1964 on the one of the faces of Nanga Parbat.
The journey passed quickly with brief stops at Bueno Ventura, Columbia and Quayaquil in Equador,
Arrived at the Port of Callao on the MV. Rossini. Then into Lima. We had a a few days organising the next stage of our journey and Dora took me out to see Lima. I didn't want to leave the beautiful, intelligent and articulate Dora. But the mountains were calling gently.
By bus Lima to Arequipa, travelling much along the coastline. Then to Juliaco close to Lake Titicaca and the border with Boliva.
Then by train to Cuzco, over the highest train pass in the world. Then we saw the Cordillera Vilcabamba in front of us. This would be our home for 4 months.
Then we followed the mighty Urubamba River past Macchi Pichu then down to Santa Ana and Santa Maria. Stayed with Pepe Pancorbo at his Hacienda at Huancayo where he grew coffee and other crops.
\Utrabamba River below Macchi Pichu
From here we had to cross the river and then head up the Vilcabamba valley system but we had some fringe Amazonian jungle to go through for the first few nights. I was afraid the first few nights as we saw snakes and many creepy crawlies and I couldn't wait to get up into the mountains.Part 3 coming up soon. Bob
Harbours, ships, mountains, girls and a slumbering world. Beginnings (part 2)
Part one was leaving Dunedin by train…..then the next episode is arriving Wellington.
We travelled by the M.V. Rangitane from Auckland to Panama via Tahiti
A few days later in Wellington I met the expedition members. Mac Riding, a relieving lighthouse keeper with a huge, black beard with a pipe stuck in it, Dick Cowan, who a few days earlier, had returned from the summer in Antarctica with an Italian expedition, Pete Goodwin and Allen Higgins, local Wellington mountaineers, Paul Green a tall wiry character with a reputation as a”hard man” having recently climbed the Coxcomb ridge of Aspiring, and finally, Ken McNatty, a Wellington scientist, expedition leader, and my cousin. Our common grandparents were Thomas Farrow and Pearl Annie McNatty. An eighth member, John Lawrence, an Englishman working as a psychologist in the US, would join us in Peru. In Auckland my eldest sister Marie and husband Russell, let us sleep on their floor for a day or two.
A dream was realised and shattered in Auckland within minutes of meeting Peter Snell, New Zealand’s greatest-ever athlete, when hunting for sponsorship. I met Peter Snell, my boyhood hero, who had prostituted himself working for Rothmans. I will never forget my disappointment when he gave us some cartons of Rothmans cigarettes to take to Peru.
My world was cracking. I was beginning to see reality. ..an ex-athlete peddling cigarettes. Jim Thorpe, Abebe Bikele, Herb Elliot, Merv Lincoln, Murray Halberg, Peter Snell were my teenage heroes........seeing Peter Snell peddling cigarettes shattered my dream of continuing being an athlete.What made our trip to Panama special was it was the final voyage of the grand old passenger ship, the Rangitane. Once the voyage started and we found that us males were outnumbered 4 to 1 by the fairer sex, we renamed it, the maiden voyage.
On the boat was two tonnes of climbing equipment and food to last us for 6 months of climbing..
An hour before the Rangitane left the port of Auckland, ticker-tape lashed us to the wharf.
The sea journey from Auckland to Papette, Tahiti was sheer fun, except for one night when a heavy storm buffeted the ship. This later went on to hit New Zealand and caused the capsize of the interisland ferry, Wahine, where over 50 people were killed.
On board there were two New Zealand mountaineering expeditions: the Alpine Club led by Dave Adcock and the Wellington Tramping and Mountaineering club one led by Ken McNatty.
A week later the Wahine docked in Papette, Tahiti for a night. New tropical smells stunned my senses as Mac Riding led me to Quinn’s Bar full of burly seafaring men and many stunning Tahitian woman.
Tahiti was so beautiful
My eyes met hers. Here was a Polynesian woman more beautiful than I had ever seen. A band of white flowers decorated her dark hair and a face straight out of Gaugin’s painting, with, a sarong tied at the hip and a skimpy top covering firm and full breasts... We had a drink together and I suggested we go for a walk to get away from the noise and smoke. Walking hand in hand along the beach and she singing a Tahitian melody was paradise-like with the hills of Morea tinged by a purplish moon, the coconut palms swayed in the breeze, and a gentle sea lapped the beach. Her bum and hips were beautifully proportioned. Flashes from the musical South Pacific bombarded my mind. After 20 minutes we stopped and lay on the beach. Her white teeth reflected moonlight as she laughed and spoke to me in French.” Why go to Panama and Peru, why not stop in Tahiti ?”
After a few passionate minutes of kissing and caressing I felt her firm rounded breasts. Would I go further ? My strict Presbytarian upbringing was limiting me more than the fact my Mother told me before I left " to behave like a gentleman."
Soon I found my hand was holding a large set of testicles nestled between her thighs. I was dumbstruck for probably 30 seconds as I held fast to her balls thinking, “the women in NZ are different” and then when the realisation sunk in, I sprung to my feet like a frightened snow leopard, and sprinted down the beach in confusion and shame and didn’t stop til I had left him at least a mile astern.
As I re-entered Quinn’s bar Mac Riding had a grin from ear to ear and asked me, “ A beautiful woman, eh ? ” In a soft voice I told him she was a he. Mac said, “ I know, I’ve been here before and know, but you’ll learn, young fella. But be careful of the black dot
After one scare,.I didn’t have the courage to ask Mac, what the black dot was.
A week in Panama waiting in the grubby sea port of Balboa for an Italian ship to Peru, was sweaty and colourful. The ship with the grand name, M.V Rossini, was full of characters with an entirely Italian crew, good family like-Italian food, and many young Columbian and Peruvian women returning from studying in the United States. Dora Rios Verillos was strikingly beautiful I met aboard. Sea, youth, passion on the oceans are an explosive mixture for romance. I had just turned 20 a few days earlier. I started to promenade with Dora on the deck in the moonlight. Dark hair fell over her shoulders and, with beautiful brown eyes and an alluring olive skin, I think I fell in love for the very first time.
Balboa Port
Also aboard were a group of German climbers making up the Oberfrankische Andean Expedition. They had a huge supply of German beer kegs and kept us well supplied and we had great evenings listening to their guttural songs of the mountains. Their leader was Erwin Hofman who was on an unsuccessful German expedition in 1964 on the one of the faces of Nanga Parbat.
The journey passed quickly with brief stops at Bueno Ventura, Columbia and Quayaquil in Equador,
Arrived at the Port of Callao on the MV. Rossini. Then into Lima. We had a a few days organising the next stage of our journey and Dora took me out to see Lima. I didn't want to leave the beautiful, intelligent and articulate Dora. But the mountains were calling gently.
By bus Lima to Arequipa, travelling much along the coastline. Then to Juliaco close to Lake Titicaca and the border with Boliva.
Then by train to Cuzco, over the highest train pass in the world. Then we saw the Cordillera Vilcabamba in front of us. This would be our home for 4 months.
Then we followed the mighty Urubamba River past Macchi Pichu then down to Santa Ana and Santa Maria. Stayed with Pepe Pancorbo at his Hacienda at Huancayo where he grew coffee and other crops.
\Utrabamba River below Macchi Pichu
From here we had to cross the river and then head up the Vilcabamba valley system but we had some fringe Amazonian jungle to go through for the first few nights. I was afraid the first few nights as we saw snakes and many creepy crawlies and I couldn't wait to get up into the mountains.Part 3 coming up soon. Bob